| Vol-2287 urn:nbn:de:0074-2287-2 Copyright © 2018 for the individual papers by the papers' authors. Copying permitted for private and academic purposes. This volume is published and copyrighted by its editors.

# TOCAIS 2019
Towards Conscious AI Systems

### Papers of the 2019 Towards Conscious AI Systems Symposium
co-located with the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence 2019 Spring Symposium Series (AAAI SSS-19)

### Stanford, CA, March 25-27, 2019.

Edited by

### Antonio Chella *
David Gamez **
Patrick Lincoln ***
Riccardo Manzotti ****
Jonathan Pfautz *****

* University of Palermo, Department of Engineering, Palermo, Italy, & ICAR-CNR, Palermo, Italy
** Middlesex University, Computer Science Department, London, UK
*** SRI International, Computer Science Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
**** IULM University, Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour, Milan, Italy
***** DARPA, USA

## Table of Contents

- Preface

### Short and Position Papers

- Disorders of Artificial Awareness
  Thomas Parr, Danijar Hafner, Karl J. Friston
- Testing for Synthetic Consciousness: The ACT, The Chip Test, The Unintegrated Chip Test, and the Extended Chip Test
  Edwin Turner, Susan Schneider
- Homeostatically Motivated Intelligence for Feeling Machines
  Kingson Man, Antonio Damasio
- Artificial Agency Requires Attention: The Case of Intentional Action
  Paul Bello, Kevin O'Neill, Will Bridewell
- Introspective Learning, Reasoning, and Decision Making in NARS
  Pei Wang, Xiang Li, Patrick Hammer
- To Play with Feeling? The Opportunity of Aesthetics in Computational Musical Creativity
  Geraint A. Wiggins
- Dissociating Intelligence from Consciousness in Artificial Systems – Implications of Integrated Information Theory
  Graham Findlay, William Marshall, Larissa Albantakis, William Mayner, Christof Koch, Giulio Tononi
- Towards Information-Theoretic Limits of the Global Neuronal Workspace Architecture
  Lav R. Varshney
- Towards Artificial Phronesis: Some Potential First Steps Along the Road to Moral Agency Using Case Studies
  John Murray

### Regular Papers

- Evolution of Conscious AI in the Hive: Outline of a Rationale and Framework for Study
  David Sahner
- Dynamical Emergence of Phenomenal Consciousness: an Outline of a Theory
  Roy Moyal, Shimon Edelman
- AI Consciousness
  Piotr Bołtuć
- Consciousness as Observed Capability - A Triggered Perception Detectable in Behavior
  Jean E. Tardy
- Consciousness and Conscious Machines: What’s At Stake?
  Damien Patrick Williams
- Four Preconditions for Solving MC4 Machine Consciousness
  David Gamez
- Self-Awareness Implied in Human and Robot Intentional Action
  Cristiano Castelfranchi, Rino Falcone
- A Neurobiologically Inspired Plan Towards Cognitive Machines
  Jeffrey L. Krichmar
- No Brainer: Why Consciousness is Neither a Necessary nor Sufficient Condition for AI Ethics
  David J. Gunkel
- To Build Conscious Machines, Focus on General Intelligence: A Framework for the Assessment of Consciousness in Biological and Artificial Systems
  Henry Shevlin
- The Role of Consciousness and Artificial Phronēsis in AI Ethical Reasoning
  John P. Sullins
- Accounting for the Minimal Self and the Narrative Self: Robotics Experiments Using Predictive Coding
  Jun Tani
- Why Artificial Consciousness Matters
  Matthew Crosby
- Inner Speech for a Self-Conscious Robot
  Arianna Pipitone, Francesco Lanza, Valeria Seidita, Antonio Chella
- Grounding Concepts as Emerging Clusters in Multiple Conceptual Spaces
  Roberto Pirrone, Antonio Chella
- A Physicalist Causally Oriented Foundation For a Conscious Machine Based on the Spread Mind
  Riccardo Manzotti
- A Conscious AI System Based on Recurrent Neural Networks Applying Dynamic Information Equilibrium
  Yasuo Kinouchi, Kenneth James Mackin, Pitoyo Hartono
- Conscious Enactive Computation
  Daniel Estrada
- Artificial Pain: Empathy, Morality, and Ethics as a Developmental Process of Consciousness
  Minoru Asada
- Using Tononi Phi to Measure Consciousness of a Cognitive System While Reading and Conversing
  Matthew Iklé, Ben Goertzel, Misgana Bayetta, George Sellman, Comfort Cover, Jennifer Allgeier, Robert Smith, Morris Sowards, Dylan Schuldberg, Man Hin Leung, Amen Belayneh, Gina Smith, David Hanson
- Grounded Metacognitive Architectures For Machine Consciousness
  Ron Chrisley
- Operationalizing Consciousness
  Don Perlis, Justin Brody
- Consciousness and Understanding in Autonomous Systems
  Ricardo Sanz, Julita Bermejo-Alonso
- Artificial Phenomenology for Human-Level Artificial Intelligence
  Lorijn Zaadnoordijk, Tarek R. Besold
- Arousal and Awareness in a Humanoid Robot
  Christian Balkenius, Trond A. Tjøstheim, Birger Johansson
- Introducing Λ for Measuring Cognitive Consciousness
  Selmer Bringsjord, Naveen Sundar Govindarajulu
- Towards a Computable & Harnessable Model of Consciousness
  Naveen Sundar Govindarajulu, Selmer Bringsjord
- Can a Virtual Entity Support Real Consciousness, and How Might This Lead to Conscious Robots?
  Owen Holland
- Phenomenal Experience and the Perceptual Binding State
  Joscha Bach
- Inferring and Conveying Intentionality: Beyond Numerical Rewards to Logical Intentions
  Susmit Jha, John Rushby
- Reconsidering the “Artificial,” the “Intelligent,” and the “Conscious” in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Consciousness through American Pragmatism
  Johnathan Charles Flowers
- Time and (Un)conscious Processes - Predictive Anticipatory Activity and Potential Applications
  Julia Mossbridge
- Independent Core Observer Model (ICOM) Theory of Consciousness as Implemented in the ICOM Cognitive Architecture and the Associated Consciousness Measures
  David J. Kelley, Mathew A. Twymon
- Strong and Weak AI: Deweyan Considerations
  Johnathan Charles Flowers
- A Collective Intelligence Research Platform for Cultivating Benevolent “Seed” Artificial Intelligences
  Mark R. Waser

2018-12-20: submitted by Antonio Chella, metadata incl. bibliographic data published under Creative Commons CC0
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